Transactional And Transformational Leadership Theory

**TransformationTransformational leadership. Burns (1978) and Bass (1985) provided much of the foundational research on transactional and transformational leadership theory that led to advancements in guidelines for leaders. Although Burns (1978) and Bass (1985) agree on the characteristics for both theories, there iswas one point of difference. The one area where a difference exists is that Burns (1978) offered that translational and transformational theory were two separate approaches that existedexist on opposite ends of the spectrum. whereas Bass (1985) argued that transactional leadership was the starting point for a leader moving to a transformational approach. Before a more in-depth review is provided for these alternative views, it is first necessary to provide further background information on transformational leadership. Transformational leadership theory is based upon four specific constructs; charismatic or idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectua l stimulation, and individualized consideration. The four constructs serve the leader’s attempt to connect with the follower at a higher level of interest (Alabduljader, 2012; Groves LaRocca, 2011; Liu et al., 2011; Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013; Washington et al., 2014). Laissez faire Leadership. Laissez faire leadership. The laissez-faire leadership approach is characterized as management-by-exception, or passive management (Sosik Jung, 2010). The leader only intervenes when tasks have notShow MoreRelatedTransactional And Transformational Leadership Theory756 Words   |  4 PagesTransactional and Transformational leadership The transformational leader, according to Burns (1978), is one who† raises the followers level of consciousness about the importance and value of designated outcomes and ways of reaching them; gets the followers to transcend their own self-interests for the sake of the team, organization, or larger polity; and raises the follower’s level of need on Maslow’s (1954) hierarchy from lower-end concerns for safety and security to higher-level needs for achievementRead MoreTransactional And Transformational Leadership Theory1504 Words   |  7 Pagespick good men to do what he wants done and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it†. The theories that will aid me in my career as a leader are transactional and transformational leadership styles. Transactional leadership theory emphasizes the role of management and how their followers are encouraged through reward and punishment. Transformational leadership theory focuses on the leader and how they inspire his/her followers to achieve a higher level of ethical values and motivationRead MoreLeadership Theory : Transformational And Transactional Leadership Theories1137 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious theories appeared in literature on situational leadership. In some instances, situational leadership is part of a broader theory and vice versa. Related theories include transformational and transactional leadership, contingency theory, path-goal theory, and personality theories. Life Cycle Theory was not included since situational leadership originated from Life Cycle Theory. Transformational and Transactional Leadership Theories According to McCleskey (2014), transformational leadershipRead MoreLeadership Theory, Transformational, And Transactional Theory2421 Words   |  10 Pages Leadership Theories Unit 3 PSF8603 - Management and Leadership Theory Instructor Steven Kline Capella University Ann-Marie Cameron Introduction There are a few leadership theories, but for this research I will only focus on four of these theories. The theories that will be discussed are Situational leadership theory, Contingency theory, Transformational, and Transactional theory. The theory Transformational is pondered by several to be the theory improvement for transactional leadershipRead MoreThe And Transformational Transactional Organizational Theories Of Leadership1735 Words   |  7 Pagescontingency and transformational-transactional organizational theories of leadership. The strategic literature highlights leadership style as an especially important influence on organizational innovation (Garcia-Morales, Jimenez-Barrionuevo, Gutierrez-Gutierrez, 2012). Contingency Theory Contingency theories are based upon the current leadership situation and are subject to change depending on the goal to be achieved (Waters, 2013). In contingency theory, the effectiveness of the leadership style dependsRead MoreTheory and Practice of Transactional-Transformational Leadership843 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRANSACTIONAL-TRANSFORMATIO Theory and Practice of Transactional-Transformational Leadership THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRANSACTIONAL-TRANSFORMATIO Abstract This essay details the different behaviors characterized by the contemporary transactional and transformational leadership models. The specific behaviors of each model are reviewed and their corresponding relation to motivation of individuals and teams are assessed. Both leadership techniquesRead MoreTransactional Vs. Transformational Leadership Theory Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe first set of opposing leadership theories I would like to review is transactional vs. transformational leadership. Transactional leadership is based on an exchange between leaders and followers. This type of leader establishes a reward-based system in order to incentivize workers. In transactional leadership theory managers seek to find what employees want and then incentivize them to achieve high performance through a rewards-based approach. The employee provides job performance and is rewardedRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory, Transformational, And Transactional Theory2386 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction There are a few leadership theories, but for this research I will only on four of these. The theories that will be discussed are Situational leadership theory, Contingency theory, Transformational, and Transactional theory. The theory Transformational is pondered by several to be the theory improvement for transactional leadership theory, and it appears to have a cumulative number of research studies that are supporting the benefits of this theory. So, I will also compare and discussRead MoreThe Importance Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership1243 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Transactional and Transformational Leadership There have been identified leaders in the world as far back as history has recorded. In addition, there have been negative and positive leaders, as this is the human condition. Leadership models and theories have been the subject of research for over 100 years. The contributions of leadership theories may have altered the delivery of leadership throughout modern age for positive leaders, because he or she saw the ‘new and different’Read MoreImportance Organizational Leadership Has on Companies Today1657 Words   |  7 Pagesreading an article about organizational leadership, I was more enlightened on the value and importance organizational leadership has on companies today. The article discussed the significance of organizational leadership and how leaders can motivate their followers to accomplish corporate objectives and help them realize their full potential. More importantly understanding the organizational leadership theories can support the growth and developme nt of leadership skills and identify potential leaders

Freud s Dream Theory ( Psychoanalysis ) - 1040 Words

Freud s Dream Theory (Psychoanalysis) ` Sigmund Freud was born in 1856, He was a neurologist and was the founder of psychoanalysis. In 1881 he was qualified as a doctor in medicine at the University of Vienna. In 1885 Freud became a guide in neurophysiology and then a year later traveled to Paris with to study with a well known neurologist Jean-Martin Prescott. Jean was conducting scientific studies on hypnosis. Freud began using hypnosis in his clinical work which later made him realize that more consistent and effective symptom relief is achieved by hypnosis. He used hypnosis due to the ability to allow the patient to talk freely without any censorship or later known as â€Å"Free Association†. The case of Anna O (real name Bertha Pappenheim) marked a turning point in the career of Sigmund Freud. It even went on to influence the future direction of psychology as a whole. â€Å"Anna O. suffered from hysteria, a condition in which the patient exhibits physical symptoms (e.g. paralysis, convulsions, hallucinations, loss of speech) without an apparent physical cause. Her doctor Josef Breuer succeeded in treating Anna by helping her to recall forgotten memories of traumatic events. During discussions with her it became apparent that she had developed a fear of drinking, when a dog she hated drank from her glass. Her other symptoms originated when caring for her sick father. She would not express her anxiety for her his illness but did express it later, during psychoanalysis. AsShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalysis : A Systematic Structure Of Theories Regarding The Relations Of Conscious And Unconscious Psychological Processes1534 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Psychoanalysis? Psychoanalysis is a systematic structure of theories concerning the relations of conscious and unconscious psychological processes (Dictionary). Psychoanalysis comes from the German word Psychoanalyse which means to investigate or to treat. By this means whatever troubles or nightmare that someone has in their unconscious mind or a dream, it is tied to an event or situation in that person’s life. This term was introduced by Josef Braur and his then assistant Sigmund Freud in 1895Read MoreSociological Perspective On Psychology : Psychodynamic Psychology1067 Words   |  5 PagesSummarize Major Historical Perspective in Psychology Essay Psychodynamic Perspective- There is four major perspectives in psychology: Psychodynamic, Behaviorism, Humanistic, and Cognitive. Each theory represents a psychology approach to unlock the human mind. A psychology approach is known as a perspective; today there are many different approaches in psychology that contain specified beliefs about the mind and Human Behavior. Individually each perspective is different they have their strong pointsRead MoreSigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01:1611 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how heRead MorePsychological ( Freudian ) Theory Research Paper1442 Words   |  6 Pages1 October 2014 Psychological (Freudian) Theory Research Paper Sigmund Freud was a neurologist who became known as the father of psychoanalysis. Freud is known for his numerous theories, such as Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality (Freudian Theory). In Freudian theory, the mind is structured into two parts: the unconscious and the conscious. The unconscious mind consists of all things that are outside of our awareness such as our hopes, dreams, and desires. Although these things are outsideRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychoanalysis On The Unconscious Phases Of Personality Development1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of Psychoanalysis In the early 1800s, Psychologist and researchers were fervent in postulating and hypothesizing. Searching earnestly for answers to the many questions that were prevalent in those days. The theory of Psychoanalysis was one of such theory that was founded. Psychoanalysis emphases on the unconscious phases of personality development. The main tenets of this theory are characterized into four subsections. Firstly, it states that early childhood experiences are important inRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Five Lectures On Psychoanalysis 1675 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud’s â€Å"Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis,† he introduces theories regarding repressed memories as a source for mental disturbances and methods of retrieving these memories. Freud introduces techniques such as dream interpretation, word association, and hypnosis as methods for treating symptoms of mental disturbances; it is for these discoveries that Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis. According to neuropsychologist Paul Broks, â€Å"Freud might also be consider ed one of theRead MoreThe Great Theories Of Modern Day Psychology895 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Thename Sigismund Schlomo Freud probably does not ring a bell with many people unless they have taken some type of psychology class during their school years. When it comes to psychological matters, a lot is unknown by the average person onwho the founders were of the subject, or where the great theories of modern-day psychology originated from. Born in 1856 andknown byhis shortened name ofSigmund Freud,he â€Å" distinguishedhimself asan intellectual giant†(Rana, 1997). As a well-known psychologistRead MoreSigmund Freud And Its Impact On 20th Century Ego Psychology Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud, Psychoanalysis and the impact on 20th Century Ego Psychology Meghan Laubengeyer Temple University Psychologist, psychoanalyst, doctor of medicine, and author, Sigmund Freud’s contributions to the world of science and psychology were far from limited. The self and widely regarded scientist was born in Friedberg in 1856 where he lived before moving to Vienna, Germany, where he would later produce founding revelations at the birth of psychology as a scienceRead MoreEssay on Sigmund Freud1725 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, is always an interesting topic. His view points and interpretations of human behavior have always made me take a deeper look at myself. New ways of seeing things, or figuring out weird things that you do are really common behavior have always fascinated. Talking about Freud, there is never a dull or boring moment, there is always some way you can look at yourself and see something you didnt see before. A physiologist, medical doctor, neurologist(one

Techniques Value Analysis And Engineering - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Techniques Value Analysis And Engineering? Answer: Introducatuon E-Bay is one of the largest multinational e-commerce companies which were founded in the year 1995 by Pierre Omidyer with its headquarters at San Jose, California. E-bay is worlds ninth largest e-commerce companies by revenue and is one of the front runners who have changed the online shopping landscape. E-bay started its operation s in Australia in the year 1999 and since then has swayed the market by storm. People perceive E-Bay as a reliable company which provides great quality products at a reasonable price with fast delivery. The company employees more than 12,000 employees and earned a revenue of US $8.97 Billion in the year 2016(eBay, 2017). Another astonishing part about E-bay is that it started with selling used products but later it forayed in the market by selling new products. E-Bay works with a marketplace model rather than inventory model in online selling, this helps the company in saving the costs by holding no inventory and thus it helps the company to keep a close t ab on the suppliers. One of the high points of E-Bay is its sellers, it has a good qualifying criteria set up for its sellers who are listed on the website (Daim, Brand Lin, 2013) The purpose of the report here is to focus on the research methods used to identify the target market of E-Bay and provide insight on the current value analysis of the company, further, an analysis of the current marketing strategies adopted by the company will be conducted along the marketing and promotional plan for E-bay. The report will also help to analyse the brand value of the company and the perception it has in the minds of its Australian customers. Research Methods Marketing research is the process of collecting and gathering data about the companies in order to assess the target market, find the underlying customer value about the company, gather relevant information about the competitors and use the data collected to design the future value proposition for the company. Marketing research helps in targeting the right set of customers with the right marketing strategy and deliver them the product and services they desire the most. It basically sets the tune of the company in consensus with the needs of the consumers (Churchill Lacobucci, 2006). In order to collect the data, there are primarily two types of methods which can be used: Primary Data Collection This can be understood as the process of gathering new information which is highly specific and in accordance with the objective of the research methodology. The goals which are identified by the organization are further broken down to fit in the research process to achieve the intended outcomes. Surveys, focus groups and questionnaire are a good primary source of collecting the data. The process of collecting primary data is lengthy, time consuming and costly, but at the same time it helps in achieving fresh insight about the company product or the services (Belk, 2007) Questionnaire are an excellent method of collecting primary data, but it is often difficult to design at the very first go before creating an acceptable questionnaire which would lead to highly specific results. Questionnaire is both open ended and closed ended; both types of questionnaire have their relative importance. If the company is looking for specific information, bullet points they go for closed ended questionnaire and when the company wants detailed view points of the customers and are interested in detailed information, they go for open ended questionnaire. It can be both mailed to the sample population or can be collected personally by the sample population (Kuhfeld, 2005) Interview is another method of primary data collection which is used to develop an understanding of the underlying reasons and motivation for peoples attitudes, preferences and behaviour. Interviews have with it an option of either conducting them on one to one basis or in a group, another advantage of interviewing is that it can be conducted in any environment wherever the candidate is comfortable; it does away with the environmental bias. The interview can be structured, unstructured and semi-structured depending upon the objective of the research (Sekaran Bougie, 2016) Another contemporary mode of primary data collection which is highly targeted, specific and information oriented is Focus group interviews. It is the type of interview which is conducted by a good trained moderator in a highly non structured but natural manner with a small number of respondents. It is the moderator who leads the discussion and tries to collect the information relevant to the objective. The prime purpose of the focus group is to gather insight by listening to a group of people from having highly target talk about the specific issues of interest (Bryman Bell, 2015) All these methods are a collective source of information to provide information about its target market and how customers perceive E-bay and product offerings. It helps E-Bay to design strategies in and around its customer base. Secondary Research Methods Secondary research methods or data collection method is the one in which the information is already collected and is available online for the use of the companies. It is an already prepared data and is available for the access of the companies (Hair Lukas, 2014). It helps in aiding the current research process and saves a lot of time and money for the organization. There are two sources of secondary data collection; internal database and external database. Internal database can be achieved from the already existing customer database, sales records and financial information. The source of external database is trade journals, professional associations, government publications, commercial data and national and international enterprise. E-Bay used both internal and external data to understand the target market, their preference, likes and dislikes etc. Online reviews of the customers on the website are a good source of internal secondary data collection (Hair, 2015) Collectively both Primary and Secondary source of data collection provides in depth insight to E-Bay to assess its target market, its value proposition, the attitude, behaviour and perception of the consumers and the result of its marketing strategies. Current Value Analysis E-Bay as one of the largest Multinational e-commerce companies has set itself apart than its competitors. E-Bay focuses on benefitting the society and facilitates transactions in the marketplace; it basically provides platforms for the sellers and buyers across the globe. The company was formed initially to facilitate the sale of used products, but after understanding the pulse of the market they moved into the conventional mode of selling new products on its website Customers perception of E-Bay is that of a e-commerce company which is characterized by : Good quality of Products: E-Bay ensures and maintains a good quality of product by carefully selecting the suppliers who are listed on its portal. It also has special incentives for sellers who are being rated exceptionally good by the customers based on the reviews. Wide range of Products: E-Bay tries to offer depth in its existing product line and keep adding new sellers on the board with wide range of products. Excellent service quality: E-Bay believes in having customer centric approach and it treats all the customers same irrespective of their ticket size. The mission of E-Bay is to create an online environment of delightful shopping. Adhering to the SLA in timeline: E-Bay has set up a Service Level Agreement with the sellers listed on the platform and does its best to adhere to timelines it has promised to its buyers. Value Chain Analysis Value chain analysis can be understood as a strategic tool which helps to identify the business activities which are important to create value and competitive advantage to the business (Miles, 2015) the diagram below shows the framework of Value chain analysis: Primary Activities It refers to the ways in which E-Bay acquires and stores the raw materials used for the business. E-Bay acquires servers for its data and support, materials for office supplies and other technological products which help in business operations. E-Bay achieves economies of scale owing to its massive business operations and it is one of the major sources of its inbound logistic. E-Bay also makes strategic relationship with its suppliers to tighten its inbound logistics (Mudambi Puck, 2016) Operations E-Bay is an e-commerce company and hence its operations move around technology. The range of e bay technologies and services are divided in three platforms: Marketplace: It refers to the online marketplace and it has more than 700 million listing on its portal at any given time. Stat Hub: It is a platform which facilitates the buying and selling of tickets to the concerts, games, theatre shows and so on. Classifieds: It is a collection of brands which is listed on the portal. The complete range of business operations of E-Bay Australia are: Registering the sellers on the website Bidding by buyers for a product offered Successful bid by the buyer Buyer paying to the bank via Paypal and other options Notification to e-bay by the bank on the buyer purchase. Notification to the seller by e-bay on the amount transfer Delivery of product from seller to buyer Acknowledgement to e-bay by the buyer Passing seller account to the bank by e-bay Seller getting paid by the bank Outbound Logistics Outbound logistics in the case of E-Bay refers to its practise of delivering the products to its customers. E-Bay does not deal with the retailers and wholesalers due to its business model. The responsibility lies on the seller to ship the product to the consumers. The company does not have a logistic team of its own and is hence dependent on the third party vendors. This it has to keep a close tab on the third party vendor. Recently the company got in partnership with Uber Rush for efficient shipment of the products. Marketing Sales The marketing and sales expense of E-Bay has reduced significantly in the last few years. In the year 2015 there was a decrease by 7% in the expenses in comparison to the FY 2014. The company had a solid advantage over its competitors when PayPal was with E-Bay, but after the separation the company is on its own and relies on the tools of social media for its marketing and sales promotion. Service E-Bay has a +1800 number which users can call 24*7 to address their concerns, query or grievances to the customer care department. The customer care team is well trained to handle and manage the concerns of the customers and are well versed with the concept of service quality. At the same time, E-Bay encourages sellers to give great customer services in order to manage a positive reputation for the company. Support Activities These are the activities which help as support system for the primary activities performed by E-Bay Firm Infrastructure E-Bay is an online marketplace connecting buyers and sellers and hence its firm infrastructure consists of a central customer data warehouse to store all the information. It also uses cloud technology to store the information on the customers and seller data. HR Management E-Bay offers unique benefits to its employees. E-Bay believes in the reasoning that if you keep the employees happy they will treat the customers happy. By offering various incentives and fringe benefits to the employees an environment of Harmony is created at the workplace. Technology Development E-Bay keeps investing on its cloud platforms and spends lavishly on its servers. A huge amount of money is spent to keep the servers safe and prevent any digital theft and so on. The business of E-Bay is technology dependent and hence it spends sizeable revenue towards the tech development of its infrastructure. Procurement E-Bay does not have followed an inventory based model and hence it does not use warehouse to store inventory. It though keeps a tab on the sellers listed on its platform through an efficient supplier chain selection to take care of its other procurement needs. Marketing Promotional Plan E-Bay is a well-established name in the Australia market and has earned a reputation of a reliable e-commerce platform since its inception in the year 1995. The company has maintained its position in the Australian market by providing efficient services to its customers with assured quality. E-Bay focuses on building communities through its portal, unlike other competitors which are focussed on the product. Other competitors like Alibaba and Amazon are now entering into the market of selling used products, moving on the lines of E-Bay. It has established some marketing objectives for itself which E-Bay wants to achieve by its promotional mix strategies. The marketing objectives identified by E-Bay are: Marketing Objectives Increase the traffic on the E-Bay website by a margin of 20% Increase the unique customer visit on the website by 10% Increase the customer retention Increase the sales in the FY 2017-18 by 10% Increase the likes on the Social media pages by 15% Add more product depth in the fashion and lifestyle segment Create stories around the customer satisfaction on social media Increase the conversation and engagement on Social Media Online reputation management In order to achieve the following objective, it is extremely important to understand the segmentation, targeting and positioning of E-Bay in accordance to its marketing mix Parent Company EBay Incorporation Category Website-Online Shopper Sector IT Technology Tagline Whatever it is, you can get it on E-Bay; Buy it, sell it, love it USP One of the most trusted e-commerce companies providing online auction and shopping opportunities. Segment Online users (Internet users) Target Group 16-60 Years (Age demographics, Urban population, internet population) Positioning It is positioned as an online market place which provides opportunity of shopping through fixed pricing, classified and auction. Marketing Communication Mix It primarily comprises of 8 modes of communication for the target customer or its audience Advertising: It is paid form of non-personal communication targeted to the audience. Different channels used can be online and offline such as social media, TV, print, web etc. (Andrews Shimp, 2017) Sales Promotion: It is kind of a short term incentive offered to the customers to boost the sales (Fill Turnbull, 2016) Events Experiences: These are company created; owned, designed and executed events which facilitate brand interaction with the customers (Kitchen Burgmann, 2015) Public Relations: It is direct communication to the customers, government, and companies etc. in order to protect and build the image of the company (Blakeman, 2017) Direct Marketing: Email, newsletters online promotions, is the form of direct marketing used. Interactive Marketing: Interactive marketing is one of the new forms of marketing companies use these days; they build conversation in and around the company and drive engagement through it (Chen XIe, 2008) Word of Mouth Marketing: It is a form of communication between people who promote the company after having a good experience (Mangold Faulds, 2009) Personal Selling: Personnel selling are not applicable to E-Bay, but it refers to face to face interaction for the selling. A Marketing communication plan is developed combining all or some of these modes of communication, in the present era , online tools of marketing more sense primarily because of 2 reasons: The target audience is available online The business model promotes online communication. Digital Marketing Strategy for E-Bay The total population if Australia is 24 Million (2016) and its online population is 20 Million. According to the target group defined E-Bay wants to reach to 80 percent of its online audience, which comes to roughly 16 million reach within a year. The reach volume is decided on the basis of E-Bays penetration in Australia and the futuristic marketing strategy. In order to reach an online population of 16 million the company has to use Facebook, twitter, Instagram, mobile marketing, affiliate marketing, blogging and other online shopping channels (Tsetsi Rains, 2017) In a recent study conducted on the Australian online market, it was noticed that people are spending an increasing amount of time on the internet and they use online tool for socializing, gathering information and shopping. Also, with the increasing penetration of Smartphones it makes more sense for E-Bay to do mobile targeting to its target customers. One of the recent studies claimed that an individual on an average interacts with his phone 2000 times in a day, thus it makes more sense to target them on the go (Turban, Whiteside, King and Cutland, 2017) Digital Marketing Plan Budget Platform Utility/Purpose Budget Facebook 3 New posts on a daily basis, revolving around the information on products, customer success stories and posts for tagging people who needs some particular product. This will facilitate engagement and conversation with E-Bays targeted audience and drive traffic on to the website and increase the likes and fans on its Facebook page 200,000 AUD Instagram 6 Posts daily spread across evening, afternoon and night. The post will be focussed on new product listed on the website and customer reviews. Instagram is rapidly gaining popularity among the youth and hence, it will give a boost to its online presence 50,000 AUD Twitter Getting influencer on Board with E-Bay, Basking the success of Thor using Chris Hemsworth for influencer marketing on twitter along with Hugh Jackman and Nicole Kidman. The promotion of E-Bay on twitter by the influencer will help in getting their fans interested in E-Bay 100,000 AUD Blogging Bloggers to write story on the success of E-Bay along with the customer journey and shopping experience. This is highly targeted content which will be pushed to the customer bucket made by E-Bay. These bloggers will be In-house bloggers who will promote the blogs through back link in sponsored content on other websites. 20,000 AUD You tube Create YouTube ads on customer shopping experience. 4 advertisement in an year and fixed mask head on the YouTube homepage during the holiday season $200,000 Affiliate Marketing Giving commission to other e-commerce website on every sale which gets converted when the user is diverted on the e-bay portal and makes a sale. The targeted sites will be travel, health, men , shopping, food, entertainment and others Commission Based Mobile Marketing Pushing regular notification through the E-Bay application TV One Ad/ Year during the holiday season. The Ad will be based on the concept of families gifting to each other through e-bay and e-bay giving a personal touch to the orders and spreading happiness and smiles around the family $500,000 / Depending on the actual during the holiday season Print Magazine and daily ads, once every month, promoting big billion day, sales promotion etc. $400,000 Radio Ads With a frequency of 4 radio ads every day during morning and evening hours, the purpose will be to promote its sales discount, offers, marketing campaigns and so on $100,000 Annually Conclusion E-Bay is one of the earliest online e-commerce companies which made a mark for itself in the shopping space; it had a very unique model in the beginning which facilitated shopping through auction and bidding process. Later the company moved to selling new products in order to gain a larger market share and also because it understood the pulse of its business audience. Currently E-Bay is doing a fantastic job, its revenue is increasing and it is relying more and more on the online tools of marketing for its sales promotion. In the report a detailed marketing communication plan for E-Bay has been mentioned which typically explains the rationale for using each of the available platform in the most efficient manner. E-Bay Australia is looking for deeper penetration in the age group of 22-34, as companys product categories are better suited for this age group. The company has to focus on online reputation management to maintain and build its brand image in the market and give a tough figh t to its biggest competitor Amazon References Andrews, J. C., Shimp, T. A. (2017).Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Nelson Education. Belk, R. W. (Ed.). (2007).Handbook of qualitative research methods in marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing. Blakeman, R. (2017).Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman Littlefield. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Chen, Y., Xie, J. (2008). Online consumer review: Word-of-mouth as a new element of marketing communication mix.Management science,54(3), 477-491. Churchill, G. A., Iacobucci, D. (2006).Marketing research: methodological foundations. New York: Dryden Press. Daim, T., Brand, M., Lin, L. (2013). Service platform development: comparison of two e-services platforms. InImplementation and Integration of Information Systems in the Service Sector(pp. 297-316). IGI Global. eBay Inc. (2017).eBay Inc. blog. Fill, C., Turnbull, S. L. (2016). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation. Hair Jr, J. F., Lukas, B. (2014).Marketing research(Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Hair, J. F. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Kitchen, P. J., Burgmann, I. (2015). Integrated marketing communication: Making it work at a strategic level.Journal of Business Strategy,36(4), 34-39. Kuhfeld, W. F. (2005). Marketing research methods in SAS.Experimental Design, Choice, Conjoint, and Graphical Techniques. Cary, NC, SAS-Institute TS-722. Mangold, W. G., Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix.Business horizons,52(4), 357-365. Miles, L. D. (2015).Techniques of value analysis and engineering. Miles Value Foundation. Mudambi, R., Puck, J. (2016). A global value chain analysis of the regional strategyperspective.Journal of Management Studies,53(6), 1076-1093. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Tsetsi, E., Rains, S. A. (2017). Smartphone Internet access and use: Extending the digital divide and usage gap.Mobile Media Communication Turban, E., Whiteside, J., King, D., Outland, J. (2017). Marketing and Advertising in E-Commerce. InIntroduction to Electronic Commerce and Social Commerce(pp. 261-291). Springer International Publishing.

My Most Frightening Day free essay sample

My Most Frightening Day Most people don’t have any idea when their most frightening day will be, it could have been when they were young or maybe it has not quite happened yet. I did not have the luxury of surprise although I also didn’t exactly have a day marked on my calendar. I knew my most frightening day would come when a doctor called my house and informed my family that my great grandpa Papahualo had two weeks to live, and my dad informed me that we were going to fly out there to be with him.He was like a father to my dad and he traveled with us most everywhere we went and now, we were going to be with him before his greatest journey yet. I had been planning to go to New York during winter break; I was hoping to spend time with Papahualo as I went around sight-seeing and getting to know the city. This was not the trip I had planned at all. It wasn’t during winter break, it was two weeks before classes would begin for me, and this was not how I wanted to see him.The last time I had seen Papahualo was one year before when he was strong as a horse and could still pick me up when he gave an extra strong hug. We bought the tickets two days in advance and everything happened so fast that it almost seemed like a dream. Papahualo was one of the healthiest, strongest people I knew. He was not the frail old man the doctor described over phone with his organs slowly shutting down. On the plane everything felt normal, like any other trip, I am used to traveling, but never like this.Even though the flight was short it felt like a nerve racking eternity of uncertainty, I couldn’t get a wink of sleep. I was sure I would break down sometime on the plane, if not then maybe once we got there and everything stopped feeling like a dream and became real but that moment never came. We went almost immediately to the hospital and although I ran scenario after scenario in my mind of what it would be like, I had no idea what to expect.My Papahualo’s lungs were filled with water and due to his organs shutting down, especially the kidneys and liver he didn’t look pale but instead a slight yellow color took over. As of the day before he had stopped being able to talk, he was so weak and fragile he barely resembled the man I knew wrinkle by wrinkle in my memories. He was so sedated for the pain that he was only capable of sleeping, I was told he had been slightly delusional and I wasn’t sure if he would even know who I was. The nurses and doctors had been having issues with him wanting to get up and leave.They just could not understand that nothing ever stopped him from being independent and able to live just like them only weeks before. He had raised or taken care of so many children, grand children, nephews, nieces and even great grandchildren but had never had to be taken care of to this extent. I spent the first night at his bedside on a reclining chair, it was not the most comfortable sleeping arrangement but it was better than the chair my aunt kindly offered to sleep in. The first time he opened his eyes I filled with excitement and fear all at the same time. I leaned in and asked if he knew who I was, he whispered â€Å"of course† and squeezed my hand as if he would never let go. That’s what I wanted deep down, I never wanted to say goodbye I had never even so much as given a thought to it. How do you say goodbye to someone who has always been there and watched you grow? How do you let go of someone who has meant so much to you for so long that a future without them seems impossible? I was holding my breath waiting for him to take his last. It is the scariest thing I have ever had to do.The second night I spent the same, just holding his hand and staying awake until around six in the morning when my aunt or uncle would wake up and take over my shift, the nurses were not the only ones up around the clock. By the third night my family may as well have locked me up in my aunts’ house, they insisted I need to take care of myself too and finally go home, eat a good meal and get some real rest. The fourth night was my last night in New York. My great grandpa had finally been transported to a hospice and we knew it was now only a matter of time.It was decided that my two aunts and uncle would stay overnight with him but I begged and was allowed to stay instead of my uncle. He was surrounded by family from the beginning but now even more than ever with people from the area were even coming to visit trying to give their last goodbyes and sharing memories with the rest of us. He was so respected, admired, and loved; no one ever had anything bad to say of him and this was not just because of the circumstances. As it got later the family proceeded to clear out, leaving me with my aunts.I was reading my book and positioned myself as usual by his bedside until the familiar sound of his peaceful breathing began to change and slow down. Was this the moment everyone has been dreading? I put my book down, got out of my chair and walked closer. I wasn’t alone because my aunts immediately were asking him if he was okay and comfortable enough and the mandatory things they’d say when he opened his eyes or got their attention. As he was breathing slower and slower my heart raced faster and faster, I squeezed his hand and I felt him still holding on.I looked into his eyes and tried to find a conscious mind behind the stare but there was none. My aunt called her sister and explained their dad wasn’t breathing the same â€Å"he’s breathing too slowly, he’s taking so long to breathe †¦he’s not breathing anymore†. I closed his eyes for him, which I felt was an honor because only one person could ever put you at your final peace like that. I didn’t say anything because there was nothing left to say, I had been talking to him in the few moments we had alone and he knew I loved him very much. Words were not needed at the moment just a few silent tears. Then came the duty of delivering some phone calls out to family, and I had to maintain calm. I cannot describe all the emotions I went through in those four days; twenty six letters in different combinations could not possibly express the love, pain, exhaustion and fear that passed through me. I have never seen someone losing their life slowly before my eyes, but it’s a feeling I will never forget and one that scared me beyond what I can explain. I don’t wish it on anyone but in a way I also do feel special to have truly been there until the very end. Rest in peace Marino Eduardo Pacheco Alegre, better known as my Papahualo.